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Diamonds., gold, and imperialist intervention (1870–1902) South Africa experienced a transformation between 1870, when the diamond rush to Kimberley began, and 1902, when the South African War ended. Midway between these dates, in 1886, the world's largest goldfields were discovered on the Witwatersrand. As the predominantly agrarian ...
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The province also contained reserves of platinum, chromite, tin, nickel, diamonds, and coal. The complex of mining, industrial, …
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mining village, as a potentially important industrial nucleus in the pattern that was later to emerge. These new developments gave strength to the economic foundations of the South African Republic (the Transvaal) and so also to its growing governmental centre, Pretoria, which had been founded some thirty years earlier than Johannes-burg.
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The TGME underground project is in the historically prolific gold mining region of Mpumalanga Province. The project is located approximately 370km north-east of Johannesburg and centred around the town of Pilgrims Rest. The project lies within the Sabie-Pilgrims Rest Goldfield, which extends across 140km in a north-north-easterly …
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The complex of mining, industrial, commercial, and financial activities arising from this vast mineral wealth made the Southern Transvaal the economic heartland of South Africa. …
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The Boer republics were a stumbling block for the British Empire. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand. Gold had been mined since the early 1870s but was discovered on the Witwatersrand, in the Transvaal, …
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Abstract. Mining in southern Africa has a long pre-colonial history. Haematite mining in Swaziland can be traced back more than 40,000 years, iron smelting dates from 400 AD or earlier, and copper from 900 AD. The most iconic evidence for pre-colonial mining are the gold artefacts from Mapungubwe dated between 1220 and 1300 AD.
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This outcrop turned out to be a part of the reef that was later called the "Main Reef" and turned out to set off the beginning of the South African "Gold Rush" in 1886. [5] The gold fields in the Transvaal colony and surrounding area was the "largest single producer of gold in the world". [6] 2. The Development of the Mining Industry.
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Since then, the mining industry has become hugely important to the country, contributing roughly 202 billion South African Rand (roughly 10.9 billion U.S. dollars) in 2023 to South Africa's ...
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Africa, with the exception of the Rooiberg tin-mining centre. In a larger frame, the verdict of Cline, who made a critical survey in 1937, appears to be still valid: 'Only two tin mining centres have been found in Negro Africa: the Transvaal and Bauchi Province in Northern Nigeria'24. 462 JULY 1976 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF TIN FINDS Ores
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operations (40%), while stoping (4%) and longwall mining (3%) make up the balance. the importance of coal mining in south Africa Coal is South Africa's most plentiful and cheapest source of energy. The coal has a low to moderate heat value and high ash content, but mining the coal is cheap when compared with the international industry.
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1902. 31 May, the Anglo-Boer War/South African War ends with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging. The South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State become British colonies. Indian, African, Coloured and White refugees return to the Transvaal. The Immigrants Regulation Act (No. 22 of 1913) is passed in the Cape Colony and ...
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Ancient gold-mining sites in the Transvaal. Pre-European gold mining and working in South Africa is a tanta-lizing field for conjecture. Well over a thousand sites have been …
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Geology. The TGME Projects are situated within the Eastern Transvaal (Sabie-Pilgrims Rest) Gold Fields, approximately 300 km northeast of the Witwatersrand Basin (Figure …
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Weber, De Beer and Associates, P.O. Box 55291, Northlands 2116, Transvaal, South Africa. Publisher: Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists ... Johannesburg is now by far the largest city in South Africa. It is the centre of the world's largest gold-mining industry and has become the biggest engineering and manufacturing centre on ...
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Summary. Shows how gold and diamonds are extracted from the earth and processed in the province of Transvaal in South Africa. Pictures gold mining operations at the Joch …
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Pilgrim's Rest presents a distinctive South African wrinkle to the international phenomenon of companies' trying to order and control the lives of their employees outside of work. The dominant gold-mining company in the eastern Transvaal, Transvaal Gold Mining Estates, faced intense competition for labour from the Witwatersrand.
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Original map of the Transvaal or South-African Republic, including the gold and diamondfields. From the best sources and documents, especially from sourveys by Mr. Mauch, Baines, Mohr, and others, combined with the results of hisown explorations by A. Merensky, Superintendent of the Berlin missions in Transvaal.
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, 'The gold mining industry in the Transvaal, 1886–1899', in Warwick, P. (ed.), The South African War (London, 1980), 22. Google Scholar The use of cheques had become very widespread in Britain by the late nineteenth century and notes and coin had become a small proportion of the total money supply, which, in turn, had drastically …
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Mpumalanga, province, northeastern South Africa.It is bounded by Limpopo province to the north, Mozambique and Swaziland to the east, the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Free State to the south, …
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The South African War of 1899-1901 saw a temporary downturn in Johannesburg's population, partly due to the exodus of the Uitlander [foreigner] community who fled the Reef, and partly to the departure of Dutch residents on commando duty. The closure of all mining activity in October 1899 brought to a sudden end to virtually all economic ...
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In 1907, the mining companies proposed to increase the proportion of African mime employed and the Transvaal Miners' Association was not prepared to accept it ands they came out on strike. Thereupon, the State introduced the Transvaal Industrial Disputes Prevention Act of 1907, but despite this, the most serious dispute in South African …
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smelting technology in the Transvaal', Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 75, 1975, 221-31; ... southern African interior, leading to regional centres of power and wealth such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. Tin, gold, copper, and iron were exported along with ... of the South African Institute of Mining and ...
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mining village, as a potentially important industrial nucleus in the pattern that was later to emerge. These new developments gave strength to the economic foundations of the …
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Abstract. This copper mining district, in the northern Transvaal Province has produced a large quantity of quartz specimens over the years, and in 1985 a single pocket of quartz with inclusions of ...
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The Orange Free State and the Transvaal (officially the South African Republic) were independent countries in southern Africa in the 19th century established largely by Dutch/Afrikaans-speaking settlers known as the Boers (Boer translates to "farmer" in Dutch). Occupying areas in what is today South Africa, the Boers of the 19th century …
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Sordid deals between Portuguese East Africa and Apartheid South Africa ensured forced labour to be recruited for the mines and by 1929 there were 115,000 Mozambicans working underground. "It has been said," wrote First in her study of migrant Mozambican miners, "that the wealth of Reef gold mines lies not in the richness of the …
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Potgieter later moved to Ohrigstad and set up the Volksraad for Transvaal at this centre in 1845. A settlement took place at Klerksdorp in 1837, from which a small town arose. Lydenburg was established in 1849, and became the capital of the Transvaal in place of Ohrigstad where malaria had taken a heavy toll on the inhabitants.
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The Transvaal's name, which means "across the Vaal," originated with the Afrikaners who in the 1830's migrated to the region after crossing the Vaal River. The land between the Limpopo and Vaal Rivers was originally inhabited by the Sotho, Venda, and other Bantu -speaking peoples. In the 1820's and 30's they were unsettled by invasions of ...
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